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The bodybuilding and gymnastics
Talk to anyone who wants to talk. The news appears and then disappears, but the bodybuilding and the good and old gym in never go out of style because it has no way to escape it. The health-oriented pedagogical, avoiding postural defects and diseases, including military shot and fencing, the pedagogical-based medical diseases also avoiding and concerned with the aesthetics of the body that seems to prevail grace until today.
Gymnastics in seems to evolve by decade. In the years 80 was the turn of high impact aerobic gymnastics invade the academies with music and choreography spree. The momentum plus the lack of knowledge of the season has left many people injured. Replaced by low-impact even in the late 80’s had a not too long because in the 90 has the step to avoid the mistakes of the past.
Today, the theoretical reasoning follows in bodybuilding and can’t escape that, despite several attempts to monopolize the training and/or the methodology of physical education programs ready of Body Systems accompanied by a very strong Marketing. You must be aware of this because the professional physical education is infinitely creative.
The advantages of located are many, among them the muscle groups to develop harmoniously. The Academies are full of news, but the bodybuilding and gymnastics located in their essences are eternal.
Another advantage of in is order to fulfill multiple objectives of clients both those seeking activity to lose weight, build strength, muscular endurance is located or simply aesthetic heeding calls. It is quite possible, with some restrictions, increase strength and lean mass handling cargo, the repetition and the execution speed.
For anyone who cares about the calories, works well with the use of a metabolic Analyzer showed that average spending is among the States gymnastics 350 500 Kcal/hour. Of course, depends on the grounds of class, load intensity, rhythm and body weight of each one.
Obesity, physical activity and weight loss
The prevalence of obesity has increased in recent decades, making it the most important nutritional disorder in the developed world, since around 10% of its population is obese. Per year arrive to die in our country, some 50 to 100 thousand people because of obesity. The low level of physical conditioning already is considered risk factors for premature mortality as important as smoking, and hypertension.
It is proven fact and widely recognized by the international scientific community that physical activity not only helps combat obesity, but also brings a number of other health benefits such as reducing insulin resistance, prevention and control of diabetes mellitus type 2, lowering blood pressure and lipid profile modification of the individual, with increased levels of HDL cholesterol (known as the “good cholesterol”).
Physical activity plays in weight loss and maintenance due to several mechanisms. Caloric restriction periods associated with physical inactivity reduce the resting metabolic rate (due to reduce muscle mass and the action of the sympathetic nervous system) and the thermal effect of food. Thus, physical activity is essential to maintain the weight loss during the diet because of its physiological changes lead to increased physical exercise daily expense of energy, increased resting metabolic rate, increased muscle mass, increased thermal effect of a meal, high oxygen consumption, reduced appetite and optimizing the control of flows of energy substrate. Aside from stimulating the degradation of triglycerides, exercise also lowers your training, leading to the reduction of the quantity of fat cells.
Some forms of exercise can be more beneficial than other primarily with regard to the energy balance. The energy expenditure is modified according to the intensity and the muscle group involved. One has to also consider differences in the type of muscle fiber and metabolic characteristics. As the speed of oxygen exchange in these fibers is less, the level of perception of fatigue is changed, predisposing individuals to be less active.
Studies have shown that energy expenditure is highest in pursuit of greater intensity, both during and after the activity as a result of increased heat production from fat. In this way, the intensity of the exercise should be increased as the individual will adapt to it, so the exercise always in the highest intensity possible while providing increased energy expenditure. Intermittent exercises in high intensity are also linked to good results about weight loss.
The story of the evolution of Sport and sports nutrition
Since the time of the primate’s human practice physical activity, but the exercises have evolved over the centuries. The first physical activities practiced by humans were leaking from predatory animals and fights by areas, practically inexistent today.
These activities initiated the so called sport. It is believed that the Greeks and the Persians were pioneers in sports. Times have changed, but since that time the human being has been increasingly focusing on having a good quality of life through physical exercises.
The wrestling and with spades, this type of exercise had military purposes. The Crusades, organized by the Church over the centuries XI, XII and XIII, demanded a military staging that consisted of bodily exercises, i.e. physical exercise.
The games, in turn, had religious character, whose goal was ennobling man, making him strong and fit. Many games however had the sole purpose of entertaining the community, among these were fishing and hunting.
The first sporting competition that has knowledge was a race that took place in Greece. The soccer and tennis, sports pretty widespread nowadays, had its origin in the middle ages. One of the first martial arts Kung Fu, there was more or less 5 thousand years ago in China. However, only in the 18th century is the first concepts and criteria established began to be in the sport.
Nutrition is part of the lives of athletes since antiquity; some athletes had beliefs and taboos, and used to feed differently before the sports competitions. There have been reports of athletes who adopted special diets, but at that time still there scientific studies on nutrition in sport.
Just recently we knew the importance of nutrition for the athlete’s performance enhancement in sports. The first study on this subject, date of 1924/1925 and was done with athletes, runners who participated in the Boston Marathon. This study demonstrated the importance of carbohydrate ingestion during prolonged exercises.
In 60 years, in research done on glycogen, was first described by the diet of overcompensation, which consisted first in reduced carbohydrate content of the diet followed by increasing their intake accompanied by a decrease in the intensity of the workouts in order to optimize muscle glycogen stocks. The effect of this practice was an increase in the forecast of resistance without the decrease in intensity occurred. This kind of conduct was used successfully by nutritional many athletes and is used until today by some competitors.
Most elite athletes rely on nutritional accompaniment and clubs and sports teams have prompted increasing nutritional guidance for the achievement of a better performance in practice and competitions.
The concern with the quality of life has become a prominent issue worldwide. The regular practice of sports accompanied by adequate food constitute the main focus to reach it, making history in doctor’s offices, mainly in people’s lives and in the world of sports.
Sports activities and the relationship with the behavior
The motivation for the sport induces children to think not only as entertainment, but as a means of professionalization, highlighting the great influence of the media that show the trajectory of some athletes who have become idols and examples to be followed, bringing as a result a possibility of social upheaval.
The practice of a sport provides to children away from television, video game and computer at the same time they are exercising and having fun in a more creative and healthy.
The influence of sport in socialization is a very important aspect, because the sport beyond the body training and sports initiation, search the socialization, dialogue and equality of conditions, allowing the practitioner to pass by the activities proposed in the classroom.
The discipline and compliance with the rules on evidence and learning following the rules on sport worked, and also in the emphasis on skills and attitudes necessary for the get-together social order, honesty, loyalty and the hierarchy. In the social context, the experience of these values, it becomes a means of orientation and awareness of pupils, as their rights and duties.
Through sport and recreational games it is possible to develop the team spirit and fellowship. Teamwork makes it possible to develop values such as respect for the opponent, solidarity with the teammate, respect the rules of the game, level playing field, cooperation, pleasure and enjoyment in the realization of the activity.
Enjoy a satisfactory experience and effective student based on democratic values, providing participation in all activities. Children who experience situations where are considered protagonists tend to improve self-esteem and communication skills, because it can, through group work, communicate and understand communication from others, which makes it pleasurable coexistence.
Motivation in the practice of sports activity
At any moment, we are surrounded by certain situations, promoting in us new stimuli which are sufficient to carry out a task or even give up the same. The reason why the faces difficulty reflects not only the courage and willingness, but yes, this directly linked to the motivational aspect.
The quest to understand the consequences of children’s sport is represented by a problem that presents itself when a child starts his training. Intrinsic motivation is linked to the process of fulfilling primary needs and the child’s internal and specifically to the pleasure of performing a certain task. Easily, difficulty, complexity, novelty are some factors that drive the child to achieve intrinsically determined Committee it is tabled.
People get more success in activities that interest them; and success, in turn, tends to present great interest. For this reason, the degree of success becomes an important variable in motivation. Few people are motivated in activities where she feels she has little or no success.
Characterized by the motivation of nature outside the individual, is reinforced by model, by providing social recognition, prizes, materials of external nature and composing some of the basic assumptions of the task.
The author refers while constantly if we apply external rewards children can receive a motivation that will modify the way of expressing yourself in the task. As a result, the probability of the child become intrinsically motivated decreases, and as negative character can create a fact external dependency (medals, awards, trophies, etc). Unlike, other searches attribute the fact of external rewards, i.e. of the prizes offered to children to those responsible for the child become aware or even realize that I had no control of the situation, the success or failure in making the sport.
The sport mainly comprises income values of productivity and competitiveness of the capitalist society, strengthened by the mass media, reflecting significantly in childhood. Considering sport as a social phenomenon, it is remembering values permeate, the man only if humanizes contact the human society, since, with the language, just received the concepts and values that illuminate and will guide your life.
Physical education
The behavior or attitudes of humans, is given for a reason, in this sports aspect is no different. The search for the practice, as well as the success or failure in a sport, is, in itself, the externalization of a desire by a number of factors previously determined.
The importance of stress that the technical performance of a child is attached to their motor skills, so that has dominion over the techniques of a sport, since the child is linked to the movement, which could provide an opportunity to express himself spontaneously their creativity. Sporting school practices are part of activities as elements of physical education classes, aiming at the development of the athletic abilities of the different types of individual and collective sports.
Teach a sport is the foundation of physical education, since there is a one-to-one relationship with the sports initiation, which provides the child greater stimulus for psychomotor aspects, facilitating the learning of techniques peculiar to each sport. One can consider that sport is a fundamental learning motor and body. Learn and practice a sport is to adapt some basic body technical characteristics of sport, since the individual techniques applied in practice of the game are reflection of aspects of each individual engine as balance, rhythm, temporal and spatial coordination. At the beginning of learning is normal that the gestures are engines run with insecurity, without coordination and inaccurate, being there considered the sports initiation.
Valuing the victory, winning everything and everyone, to draw the attention of the student before the other, don’t listen to the suggestions of children, would be in some pedagogical errors influencing teacher adopted by the internalization of values for children.
The influence of media and culture industry, which in many cases leads to influence globally the way of being and acting of these children. There are sports that are linked by the media that become the strongest reference, and thus, the yield is reproduced in various situations like the one following sports model, what sometimes seems to be a cause of conflict between education and sport.
Physical activity during pregnancy
It is necessary to all pregnant women body work each quarter of pregnancy, to facilitate the adaptation to changes that occur during this period. Better cardio-respiratory capacity facilitates domestic activities; an improvement of muscular skeletal conditions and help in adapting to postural changes and labor. In addition, it is extremely important to self-esteem, co-existence with other pregnant women and feelings of security and happiness.
Gymnastic exercises ensure muscle strengthening, thus protecting the joints and reducing the risk of injury. They also help in the circulation and oxygenation in breath control. Already developed exercises in water promote relaxation, body pains in the legs and reduce the swelling of the feet and hands.
Before the beginning of the exercises, the pregnant woman should go through prenatal query to be evaluated by the obstetrician. After the examinations he can release or not the practice of exercises. Women who have practiced physical activity and who have never suffered miscarriage may continue its activities after adaptation to their new State. Sedentary ones already must start the exercises after the twelfth week of gestation. There are no problems; the exercises can be continued until delivery, although you must gradually reduce the intensity. After giving birth, normal activities can be resumed after 40 days. In the case of caesarean section, the doctor evaluates each case.
Importance of physical activity
The regular practice of physical activity has always been linked to the image of healthy people. Formerly, there were two ideas that tried to explain the association between exercise and health: the first was that some individuals have a genetic predisposition to physical activity, since they had good health, physical stamina and mental disposition; the other proposal said that physical activity actually represented an environmental stimulus responsible for the absence of disease, mental health and good physical fitness.
But what is physical activity? Research shows that the current population spends far less calories per day, of which spent 100 years, which explains why the sedentary affects approximately 70% of the population, more than obesity, hypertension, smoking, diabetes and high cholesterol. The current lifestyle can be blamed for 54% of the risk of death by heart attack and by 50% of the risk of death from stroke, the leading causes of death in our country. Thus we see how physical activity is subject to public health.
In the vast majority of developing countries, more than 60% of adults living in urban areas do not practice an appropriate level of physical exercise. This problem is most apparent when we take into account the 2000 census data, which show that 80% of Brazil’s population lives in cities.
More subject to sedentary individuals are: women, elderly, people of lower socioeconomic level and disabled individuals. It was noted that people gradually reduce, the level of physical activity, from adolescence.
Throughout the world there is an increase in obesity, which is related at least in part to a lack of physical activity practice. Is the famous modern lifestyle in which most of their free time is spent watching television, using computers, playing video games, etc.
With respect to the physical health we have seen weight loss and the percentage of body fat, reduction of blood pressure in diabetes, improves sleep, decreased total cholesterol and increase HDL-cholesterol (“good cholesterol”). All these benefits aid in prevention and control of diseases, being important for the reduction of mortality associated with them. See, the person who ceases to be sedentary and happens to be a little more active, decreases the risk of death from heart disease by 40%! This shows that a small change in the habits of life is able to lead to a great improvement in health and quality of life.
Physical activity and older people
For adults in this age group physical activity involves improving exercises or activities during leisure time, movable types of activity (such as a bicycle or hiking), occupation (if a person continues to work), household chores, games, contests, sports or the planning day-to-day activities of the family and society. In order to strengthen the cardiopulmonary system, bone and muscle tissue, functional condition and reduce the risk of non-communicable diseases, depression, and cognitive functions, we recommend that you practice physical activity:
1. adults aged 65 years and older should pay at least 150 minutes a week of moderate-intensity aerobics classes, or, at least, 75 minutes per week high-intensity aerobics classes, or similar physical activity of middle and high intensity.
2. each aerobics should last at least 10 minutes.
3. in order to provide additional health benefits, adults of age must increase the load of their aerobic medium intensity up to 300 minutes per week, or up to 150 minutes per week, if you are engaged in high-intensity aerobics, or a similar combination of aerobic medium and high intensity.
4. adults in that age category with joints should perform exercises to balance against the risk of falls, 3 or more days a week.
5. Power exercises where the main muscle groups are involved, you should spend 2 or more days a week.
6. If older people for reasons of health cannot perform the recommended amount of physical activity, they should exercise their physical abilities and health.
Physical activity for everyone
These guidelines apply to all healthy people under 65 years of age or older. They also apply to people in these age limits with chronic diseases. People with special health problems, such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes, you might need to take additional precautions and medical advice before they will try to reach the recommended levels of physical activity for older adults.
There are numerous ways to encourage older persons to engage in physical activity, a total of 150 minutes per week.
In order to give physical activity, a total of 150 minutes a week, these sessions, you can assign shorter blocks, at least 10 minutes each throughout the week: for example, 30 minutes of physical activity of moderate intensity 5 times a week.
These recommendations apply to all older persons irrespective of their sex, race, ethnicity, or income. The recommendations also apply to older persons with disabilities, but can be adjusted on a case by case basis, taking into account the potential of such people to physical exercise, special health risks or restrictions.
The elderly, leading passive lifestyle or have any limitations in connection with illness, health benefit, if they will be shifted from the category “passivity” in category “activity” at some level. Older people, who have so far failed to comply with the recommendations for physical activity, should seek to increase its duration, frequency and, ultimately, the intensity for the subsequent implementation of those recommendations.
Sport Education
Sport Education is a fundamental tool to switch from competition to cooperation, solidarity and achieve a lasting peace at hand, for everyone. Sports education may propose from 7 up to 12; but it is between 8-9 years which becomes crucial as bodywork; enables structuring body schema up to a level of organization that makes effective not only in learning gestures, but especially the cognitive learning. Too many concepts that are conveyed only cortical level, does not necessarily result in a better development of the mental functions of the person; active learning pedagogy used in sport, education, makes it possible to reconcile the need to acquire the skills of the person. It is in this spirit that sport education can be used as an important means of development. For this the teacher should ask the guy, individually or in group, in front of “situations-issue” regarding sports activities. It’s the effort undertaken to overcome the difficulties, with the possible help of teacher (mediated learning), allowing the subject to control the same activities while improving the functional abilities, to feel so more effective and adequate in its socio-cultural context.
Interactions, emotional exchanges, communication between parents and toddler play largely body-wide, through physical contact, with-keep the baby in her arms, facial expression, eye and voice. In the early months and years of life, the quality and variety of sensory stimulation is therefore very important for the harmonious development of the Person, as well as for the well-being of the family. Live in harmony with each other, exchanging, affectivity can live with satisfaction and sense of their genitorialitá; This active in children more relational resources, fueling a functional dialogue tonic … and so on, in a virtuous circle.